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| death_place = Amenia, New York, USA | occupation = | nationality = American | genre = | influences = Thorstein Veblen | influenced = | notableworks = ''The City in History Technics and Civilization The Myth of the Machine'' | module = Birth / death information source: }} Lewis Mumford, KBE (October 19, 1895 – January 26, 1990) was an American historian, sociologist, philosopher of technology, and literary critic. Particularly noted for his study of cities and urban architecture, he had a broad career as a writer. Mumford was influenced by the work of Scottish theorist Sir Patrick Geddes and worked closely with his associate the British sociologist Victor Branford. Mumford was also a contemporary and friend of Frank Lloyd Wright, Clarence Stein, Frederic Osborn, Edmund N. Bacon, and Vannevar Bush. == Life == Mumford was born in Flushing, Queens, New York and graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1912. He studied at the City College of New York and The New School for Social Research, but became ill with tuberculosis and never finished his degree. In 1918 he joined the navy to serve in World War I and was assigned as a radio electrician.〔 He was discharged in 1919 and became associate editor of ''The Dial'', an influential modernist literary journal. He later worked for ''The New Yorker'' where he wrote architectural criticism and commentary on urban issues. Mumford's earliest books in the field of literary criticism have had a lasting impact on contemporary American literary criticism. ''The Golden Day'' contributed to a resurgence in scholarly research on the work of 1850s American transcendentalist authors and ''Herman Melville: A Study of His Life and Vision'' effectively launched a revival in the study of the work of Herman Melville. Soon after, with the book ''The Brown Decades'', he began to establish himself as an authority in American architecture and urban life, which he interpreted in a social context. In his early writings on urban life, Mumford was optimistic about human abilities and wrote that the human race would use electricity and mass communication to build a better world for all humankind. He would later take a more pessimistic stance. His early architectural criticism also helped to bring wider public recognition to the work of Henry Hobson Richardson, Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. In 1963, Mumford received the Frank Jewett Mather Award for art criticism from the College Art Association.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Awards )〕 Mumford received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1964.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chronology of Mumford's Life )〕 In 1975 Mumford was made an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE).〔 In 1976, he was awarded the Prix mondial Cino Del Duca.〔 In 1986, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts.〔 He served as the architectural critic for ''The New Yorker'' magazine for over 30 years. His 1961 book, ''The City in History'', received the National Book Award.〔〔 Lewis Mumford died at the age of 94 at his home in Amenia, New York on January 26, 1990.〔 Nine years later it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. His wife Sophia died in 1997, at age 97.〔New York Times 2 May 1997〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lewis Mumford」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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